03 · Course Project · 2026

Autonomous Sensor-Based Robot

A battery-powered, two-wheeled robot built around an Arduino Nano, combining photodiode-based directional sensing, ultrasonic collision detection, and a servo-actuated sensor mount to drive autonomous behavior — verified in a graded demonstration.

Controller
Arduino Nano
Sensors
Photodiodes, Ultrasonic, Collision
Actuation
DC Motors, Servo
Status
Demonstrated
Autonomous sensor robot, side profile showing chassis, wiring, and sensor mount
Overview

Sensor-Driven Autonomous Behavior

The robot combines several sensor inputs to control its own movement without outside input: photodiodes for directional light sensing, an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle distance, and collision sensing for direct contact. All of it runs through an Arduino Nano, which drives two DC drive motors and a servo-actuated sensor mount. The complete system's autonomous behavior was verified in a graded demonstration.

Robot front view showing ultrasonic sensor and photodiode leads
System Architecture

Sensor → Controller → Actuator

Three sensor inputs feed the Arduino Nano, which arbitrates between them to drive the motor driver and DC motors for movement, and the servo and LED indicators for tracking and status.

Photodiodes Ultrasonic Sonar Collision Sensing Arduino Nano Motor Driver DC Drive Motors Servo + LED Indicators SENSORS CONTROLLER ACTUATION
Sensor-Driven Behavior

Steering, Tracking, and Collision Stops

Photodiodes mounted on the chassis act as directional light sensors, feeding differential readings to the controller to steer the robot. A servo-actuated mount tilts the forward sensor cluster for tracking beyond a fixed forward direction. A front-mounted ultrasonic sensor continuously measures distance to obstacles ahead and triggers a stop when an object comes within range, while onboard LEDs give visual status indication.

Ultrasonic sensor and photodiode wiring, front view
Integration & Build

A Working Testbed, Not a Finished Product

The robot integrates a breadboard-prototyped circuit — Arduino Nano, motor driver, sensor wiring, and status LEDs — mounted to a hand-built foam-board chassis. The exposed wiring reflects its function as a sensor-integration testbed rather than a polished product: the engineering value is in the sensor-to-controller-to-actuator integration and verified autonomous behavior, not the aesthetics.

Robot top-down view showing breadboard and wiring
Demonstration

Autonomous Behavior, On Camera

Two short clips from the graded demonstration. Tap to play — video is not set to autoplay.

Demonstration clip 1
Demonstration clip 2